systemCoupling

Lakos-style system-wide coupling metrics, computed over main (non-test) edges only.

• CCD (Cumulative Component Dependency): the sum, over every module, of the size of its dependency set (the module itself plus everything it can reach). The single number that captures how coupled the whole system is.

• ACD (Average Component Dependency): CCD / moduleCount - the average number of modules each module drags in, itself included.

• NCCD (Normalized CCD): CCD divided by the CCD of a balanced binary tree with the same module count. ~1.0 is tree-like and healthy; > 1.0 is more tangled than a balanced tree; < 1.0 is flatter (more independent modules).

• tanglePercent: the percentage of modules that sit inside a dependency cycle (a strongly connected component of size >= 2). 0 for a clean DAG.

All values are 0 for an empty graph.